美国加州监管机构週二(12月19日)批准广泛使用先进过滤与处理设施淨化污水,然后透过水龙头为数百万家庭直接供应经过淨化处理的纯淨饮用水。
路透社报道,加州回收贸易组织WateReuse执行董事辛尼罗皮(Patricia
Sinicropi)发表声明说:“今天预示著水再利用新时代的到来。”
回收污水、废水供人类使用的成熟技术,曾被批评者嘲笑为“厕所到水龙头”,但近年来,加州因气候变迁面对日益严重的乾旱週期,越来越多人认可这一概念。
支持者说,经过十多年的努力,加州水资源管制委员会通过的这项法规,对寻求回收每年流入海洋的数亿加仑废水而言,具有里程碑意义。
週二批准的这份69页文件,为“直接饮用水再利用”提供了法律和监管框架,允许高淨化的最终产品直接进入饮用水系统,无须再经过某种缓冲地带。
这项技术的基础已在橙县(Orange
County)使用了十多年,以严格的微过滤、逆渗透、紫外线和过氧化氢消毒来淨化没有处理过的污水。
新法规强制规定额外的臭氧消毒过程和生物碳过滤,还需要更彻底的病原体清除和更严格的监测。
这项计划的成本高昂。 官员说,此类过滤淨化设施的投资预计至少达到10亿美元。
南加州大都会水务区(MWDSC)计划斥资60亿美元,在洛杉矶南部的卡森市(Carson)兴建美国最大的水循环项目。
-->
`,
"script":[{"type":"text/javascript","src":"//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js","async":"async"}]
}
, "gg_rightside": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[{"type":"text/javascript","src":"//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js","async":"async"}]
}
, "gg_duturandom": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_square": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_topbanner": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_middlesquare": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_dutu": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_botline": {
"html":``,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_dututop": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_shipintop": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_inContent": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_shipinrandom": {
"html":``,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_sideSticky": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
, "gg_bottombanner": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[{"type":"text/javascript","src":"//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js","async":"async"}]
}
, "gg_marquee": {
"html":`
`,
"script":[]
}
}
const adEnv={
"gg_header": {
"html":``,
"script":[{"type":"text/javascript","exec":` var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var pbjs = pbjs || {}; pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; `},{"type":"text/javascript","src":"https://adncdnend.azureedge.net/adn-hb/adn.wnx2.js","async":""},{"type":"text/javascript","src":"https://adncdnend.azureedge.net/adn-video/WenxuecityPlayer.js","async":"async"}]
}
}
const wxcEnv = {
"base":{
"exe":[],
"src":[
{"src": "/news/js/recommendednews.js","defer":"true"},
{"src":"/js/wxcFunc.js","defer":"true"}
]
},
"func":{
"exe":[
//展示评论
'function showMoreComments(){let n = 13;for(let i=0;i
2){dom.hide();}}$("#showallcomment").show();$("#showlesscomment").hide();};hideComments();',
],
"src":[
//图片,搜索,QR code
{"src": "/news/js/view.js?v=05132024"},
//计数器
{"src":"//count.wenxuecity.com/service/count/script/do.php?type=news&id=125329211&n=0&out=jsval","defer":"true"},
]
}
}
function wxcCode(){
wxcEnv.base.exe.forEach(x=>{
let tag = buildAdcode(x);
document.head.append(tag);
})
wxcEnv.base.src.forEach(src => {
let tag = buildSrc(src)
document.head.append(tag);
});
wxcEnv.func.exe.forEach(x=>{
let tag = buildAdcode(x);
document.body.append(tag);
})
wxcEnv.func.src.forEach(src => {
let tag = buildSrc(src)
document.body.append(tag);
});
}
function adcode(){
let adkey = Object.keys(ads);
adkey.forEach(x=>{
let code = ads[x].html;
let div = document.getElementById(x);
if(div)div.innerHTML = code;
ads[x].script.forEach(s=>{
if(Object.keys(s).indexOf('src')===-1){
let tag = buildAdcode(s.exec);
document.body.append(tag);
}else{
let tag = buildSrc(s);
document.body.append(tag);
}
})
})
}
function baseCode(){
let baseKeys = Object.keys(adEnv);
baseKeys.forEach(x=>{
adEnv[x].script.forEach(s=>{
if(Object.keys(s).indexOf('src')===-1){
let tag = buildAdcode(s.exec);
document.head.append(tag);
}else{
let tag = buildSrc(s);
document.head.append(tag);
}
})
})
}
function buildAdcode(script){
let tag = document.createElement('script');
tag.innerHTML = script;
return tag;
}
function buildSrc(obj){
let keys = Object.keys(obj);
let tag = document.createElement("script");
keys.forEach(key=>{
tag.setAttribute(key, obj[key]);
})
return tag ;
}